It starts by tracing the history of oil spillages and the extent of the problem. Resource conflicts are prevalent in the niger delta, where oil exploration and extraction have had devastating impacts on the natural environment. It tracks the progress of our spill management from when we detect the spill to when cleanup and remediation are completed and certified by government regulators. Oil and gas journal 2005 estimates nigeria s proven oil reserved at 35. Spill was contained on 28 may 2019, recovery completed on 06 jun 2019, assessment completed on 05 sep 2019, cleanup and remediation completed on 09 mar 2020, site certification planned to be completed on june 2020. For example, nsrps cso partners trained communities affected by oil spills on how to participate in joint investigation. Since 2014 eni has reported 820 spills in the niger delta, with 26,286 barrels or 4. Impacts and effects of oil spillage in niger delta nigeria. The oyakama oil spillage of 10th may 1980 with a spill of approximately 30,000 barrels 3. Phd dissertation sustainable environmental management in the.
Evaluation of the impacts of oil spill disaster on. Impacts of oil spillage in the niger delta major oil spills heavily contaminate coastal shorelines, causing severe localised ecological damage to the nearshore community. This write up provides a detailed study of oil spillage. Nigeria s oil rich bayelsa state started an inquiry into the human and environmental impact of spills caused by multinational businesses operating in the region, opening a. Oil spill trajectory simulations offshore nigeria badejo o. Nigeria, conducted a research project on the impact of oil spillage in nigeria. The key environmental issues in the niger delta of nigeria relate to its petroleum and industry. Schematic showing the different patterns of oil spill impacts to mangrove forests 34 figure 3. Hydrocarbon oil spill cleanup and remediation in the niger delta. A joint investigation visit jiv is a visit to oil spill sites usually carried out within two weeks of an onshore oil spill in nigeria.
National oceanic and atmospheric administration national ocean service office of response and restoration. Nigeria is an oil producing nation with greater percentage of. These oil producing communities in nigeria have faced the brunt of this environmental problem. Pdf oil spill incidents and pipeline vandalization in. In august 1983 oshika village in rivers state witnessed a spill of 5,000 barrels of. The human health implications of crude oil spills in the. Nigerias oilrich bayelsa state opens inquiry on spills. Badejo abstract nigeria has a coastline of approximately 853km facing the atlantic ocean.
Oil communities have been at the receiving end of this environmental problem. Pdf oil spill problems and management in the niger delta. All download files are in pdf format and open in a new window. Recent oil spills in delta and bayelsa states, nigeria sdn. The nigerian government plans to expand its proven reserves to 40 billion barrels by 2010. The shell petroleum development company of nigeria limited is committed to minimising oil spills to the environment and to cleaning up all spills. Slippery justice for victims of oil spills africa renewal. Delta, the centre nerve of petroleum in nigeria, the most serious oil spillage occurred in july 1979, when a storage facility at the west end of shelloperated forcados terminal collapsed spilling an estimated 560,000 barrels of oil into the surrounding land, mangrove swamps and territorial waters nwankwo and ifeadi, 1988.
Recent oil spills in delta and bayelsa states, nigeria three oil spills have been reported in the press in august and september 2016. Longterm effects of oil spills in bodo, nigeria al. It is home to 20 million nigerians from 40 different ethnic groups, several. Environmental policies and strategies in nigeria oil and. Home to 20 million people and 40 different ethnic groups, this floodplain makes up 7. Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the nigerian coastal areas peter c. Ever since the discovery of oil in nigeria in the 1950s, the country has been suffering the negative environmental consequences of oil development. Small amounts of water soluble barium may cause a person to experience. Nigerian regulations of the oil industry are weak and rarely enforced, allowing in essence, the industry to selfregulate. Oil spillage contain significant elements like cr and ba detected in oil spill sites of the gulf war. Oil extra ction in the niger delta region has caused severe environmental degradation, owing to the legacy of oil spills. Likewise in iboland, the eastern region marketing board was linked to the african continental bank of nnamdi azikiwe, who was convicted of fraud. Nov 11, 20 hundreds of oil spills reported in nigeria every year are ruining the environment and putting human lives at risk.
The effects of oil spillage on aquatic environment in ilaje. Radioactivity concentration and heavy metal assessment of soil and water, in and around imirigin oil field, bayelsa state, nigeria. The first lawsuit against shell outside nigeria took years to be heard in court. It was filed in 1996 by the family of ken sarowiwa, an author and activist, in the united states district court. The effects of oil spillage on aquatic environment in ilaje community, nigeria 20 the year 2000, about twenty four 24 cases of large crude oil spillages were recorded around the world including south africa when a bulk carrier called treasure carrying about. Oil spill problems and management in the niger delta. Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling. Section 5 of the regulation is on oil spill joint investigation visit jiva joint. Apart from promoting coordination of key stakeholders, nsrp also contributed to capacity building of actors involved in oil spills response and management. All of these spills have had a devastating impact on the agriculture, environments and general wellbeing of the local communities. Environmental impacts of oil exploration and exploitation. Paradoxically, oil producing states in the federation the niger delta have benefitted the least from the oilwealth. The effect of oil spillage and other industrial wastes on our environment have been a major concern in the warri area. There are indications that oil spillage, occasioned by sabotage and other factors have dropped in the niger delta by 27.
Factors responsible for oil spillage in the zone are. More than 40,000 nigerians demand action from shell to clean up oil spills that have devastated communities for decades. Data gathered by amnesty internationals decoders reveals the extraordinary scale of oil pollution in the niger delta, and the high frequency of spills. Oil was, subsequently, soon discovered in other parts of the region like isoko and warri in delta and eket in akwa ibom state. Oil spillage and heavy metals toxicity risk in the niger. In this article, weve listed 10 horrible effects of nigeria oil spill, hopefully, youll find it not just interesting but educating. Causing the peoples of oil and gasrich niger delta region of nigeria. But the number of oil spills from its operations requires urgent action by both the nigerian and italian governments. Oil spillage is a global issue tha this paper aims to investigate the various environmental problems associated with oil exploration and spillage in specifically the niger delta in nigeria, as well as bring into perspective the environmental impact occurring in an important, reproductive wetland and marine ecosystem.
Oil spillage in the niger delta region in nigeria the niger delta region in nigeria is 20,000 square kilometers a wetland of 70,000 square kilometers formed by sediment deposition. Waves, wind drift current, tidal current, ocean currents, bathymetry, vegetation and topography influence oil spill dispersal along the nigerian coastal waters. This paper assessed the effects of oil spillage on community development in the niger delta region of nigeria with a view to determine its adverse effects on poverty and hunger and its eradication in the region. Since the discovery of oil in nigeria in 1956, the oil sector has grown to be a dominant component of nigerias economy. The effects of oil spillage in the niger delta a case study of ughelli south local government area of delta state table of content chapter one introduction 1.
For instance, nigeria s development of the oil sector has been good for the country s economy. Pdf the coastal area of the niger delta is the home to oil explorations and exploitations in nigeria. On top of the 349 spills in 2014, eni reported more than 500 oil spills in 20. Longterm effects of oil spills in bodo, nigeria al jazeera. Phd dissertation sustainable environmental management in the niger delta region of nigeria. Skin contact with certain chromium compounds can cause skin ulcers, kidney and liver damage and even death. The importance, how to, effect causes relationship, comparison, history, role, solutions are discussed. Shell begins cleanup after 10year delay the cleanup of a contaminated fishing community in nigeria has finally started almost 10 years after two oil spills in niger river delta. Vandalization of oil pipelines in the niger delta region. The effects of oil spillage on aquatic environment in ilaje community, nigeria balogun s. Aug 04, 2011 a major 1970 oil spill in ogoniland in the southeast of nigeria led to thousands of gallons being spilt on farmland and rivers, ultimately leading to a. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The main sources of oil spill on the niger delta are. The term is usually given to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on land.
It is the largest wetland and maintains the thirdlargest drainage basin in africa. Shell sued in uk for decades of oil spills in nigeria. Bodo village, nigeria in 2008 and 2009, a 55yearold pipeline owned by shell ruptured twice, throwing up 600,000 barrels, according to uk court claims, of crude oil into the surrounding creeks. This coastline lies between latitude 4o 10 to 6o 20 n and longitude 2o 45 to 8o 35 e. Pdf effects of oil spillage on community development in.
The effects of oil spillage in the niger delta education. These reports also provide information about oil corrosion accounts. Get free research paper on the effects of oil spillage in the niger delta a case study of ughelli south local government area of delta state project topics and materials in nigeria. This paper examines the environmental impact of oil spillage and degradation in the niger delta region of nigeria.
Socioeconomic implications and environmental effects of. Impacts and management of oil spill pollution along the. Effects of oil spillage on community development in the. It is designed to assess the cause of the spill, the amount spilled and the scale and extent of damage and environmental impact. Oil spill can be of two different categories the land spillage and the aquatic spillage but they all have a negative impact on both the environment and the society in general. Aug 21, 2018 since the discovery of oil in nigeria in 1956, the oil sector has grown to be a dominant component of nigerias economy. Aug 25, 2010 the national oil spill detection and response agency of nigeria has reported a total of 3,203 oil spills in the niger delta region in the last four years alone. One of these grievances related to environmental degradation caused by oil spills. Phd dissertation sustainable environmental management.
The press talked about a protest that was taking place in july 2011, and reported youth from the ilaje local government area of ondo state have accused the oil giant, chevron nigeria limited, of failing to implement the general memorandum of understanding. Oil spillage has a major impact on the ecosystem into which it is released and many constitute ecocide. Oil spills might take several months or even years to clean up. An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. Recent international studies show that oil spills are common in nigeria. Shell, nigeria accused over oil spill clean up vanguard news. This chapter examines oil spillage incidences in the niger delta region in southsouth, nigeria. A new report from amnesty international says spills in the niger delta are the. The oil spills affected at least 1500 communities in the eight crude oil producing states in nigeria, and were mainly from the 5284 oil wells that were drilled as at 2006 and the 7000 km of crude oil pipeline that crisscrosses the niger delta region. In nigeria, reports have it that from 1976 to 1998, a sum of about 5,724 incidences of oil spills which introduced crude oil to both the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems to the tune of 2,571,1. Schematic diagram depicting the effects of a large oil spill on mangrove forests 2 figure 3.
Some natural causes of climate change are referred to as climate forcing or forcing mechanisms. By pairing georeferenced data from the nigerian oil spill monitor which recorded the location of more than 6,600 spills between 2005 and 2015. Oil spillage is one of the greatest environmental problems, nigeria is currently battling with especially in the niger delta region. The report, while acknowledging improvements to shells jiv process since 2011, identified serious flaws that. Overview the nigerian governments 4 june 2008 decision to replace the shell petroleum development company spdc as operator of oil concessions in ogoni areas offers an opportunity for ending one of the longestrunning conflicts between a multinational oil company and a local community in the niger delta. This is approved for students in accountancy business computer science economics engineering arts. Introduction the niger delta is located in the atlantic coast of southern nigeria and is the worlds second largest. A case study of the eriemu well and 19 oil spillage in ughelli region of delta state, nigeria. Many oil companies, including international oil companies, iocs. Devastated by the ecological costs of oil spillage and the highest gas flaring rates in the. In pursuance to this, nosdra promugated the oil spill recovery, cleanup, remediation and damage assessment reulations, 2011.
Italian oil giant eni, which owns the nigerian agip oil company is a smaller player in the niger delta than shell and has received less attention. Effects of hydrocarbon pollution on local economy a thesis approved by the faculty of environmental sciences and process engineering at the brandenburg university of technology cottbus in partial. The objectives are to determine the quantity of oil spilled from pipelines, the area of coverage and to assess the effects of oil spillage on the people, soil and water. Spdcjv has publicly reported oil spill statistics annually since 1995 in the shell sustainability report, and this website further enhances transparency on spills from spdcjv facilities in nigeria. It tracks the progress of our spill management from when we detect the spill to when cleanup and remediation are completed and certified by. Nov 03, 2015 shell was on tuesday accused of making false claims about the extent of its oil spill cleanup operations in nigeria and urged to take more action to help worsthit communities.